Malware is a constant threat in today’s digital world, but with the right precautions, you can minimize attacks on your computer, JUSTICE OKAMGBA writes
As cyber threats continue to evolve, preventing malware from infecting your computer has become a top priority for individuals and organizations alike.
Malware, or “malicious software,” includes viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware, all of which are designed to cause harm.
The rise of cybercrime and the increasing frequency of malware attacks underscore the need for robust preventative measures.
Here are essential tips to protect your computer from malware and minimize the risk of infection.
Email attachments and links
One of the most common delivery methods for malware is through email attachments or links. Cybercriminals often disguise malicious files or phishing links as legitimate emails to trick unsuspecting users into downloading malware.
An IT professional, Brent White, advised, “If you weren’t expecting an attachment or don’t know the sender, don’t open it. That’s the quickest delivery method for the ransomware that has exploded in the last 10–15 years.”
He warned users to be highly skeptical of unsolicited emails, especially if they seem too good to be true, such as offers of free software or virus scans.
“If you get a call from Microsoft out of the blue saying your computer has viruses or malware, hang up. They don’t have the resources to monitor millions of PCs for that kind of thing,” White added.
Software and systems update
Cybercriminals often exploit security vulnerabilities in outdated software, making regular updates essential for safeguarding your computer.
Software vendors release updates that patch these security holes, providing an additional layer of protection.
A former computer programmer, Jakub Judas, stressed the importance of updates, saying, “Yes, updates are annoying. But they also protect you by fixing security holes. Always install all updates available to you.”
Pirated software and untrusted downloads
Pirated software is often bundled with malware, making it a significant threat to computer security. Downloading cracked versions of software or files from untrusted sources is one of the easiest ways to invite malware onto your system.
Backend Software Developer at Zeller, Prateeq Jupta, advised users to avoid downloading unauthorized content.
“Don’t download and install cracked versions of software from unauthorized sources that are available on a subscription or paid basis,” he cautioned.
The risks associated with pirated software extend beyond malware infection, often including data theft and other privacy concerns.
Antimalware software
Having antivirus and antimalware software installed on your system is a fundamental defense against malicious attacks. These programs can detect and neutralize threats before they cause significant damage.
A computer user and Quora contributor, Barry Stanly, recommended using both antivirus and antimalware apps to provide comprehensive protection.
“Windows Defender is normally good enough,” he says, referencing the built-in antivirus software in Windows 10 and 11.
However, he also suggested using additional antimalware programmes like Malwarebytes or Kaspersky for added security.
Encrypt sensitive data
Ransomware attacks have become more sophisticated in recent years, with cybercriminals demanding ransom in exchange for unlocking encrypted files.
Encrypting your sensitive data can prevent attackers from gaining access to critical information, even if your system is compromised.
Stanly suggests encrypting files such as tax records using tools like 7-Zip, which offer both compression and encryption features.
“It’s a good idea to encrypt sensitive material even if you are using full disc encryption because once you unlock your disc for use, it becomes vulnerable to malware,” he warned.
By encrypting sensitive files, you add an additional layer of protection that makes it harder for hackers to access or ransom your data.
Cloud backups for recovery
One of the best ways to protect against ransomware attacks is to maintain regular cloud backups of your critical files.
If your system becomes infected, having a backup ensures that you can restore your data without having to pay the ransom.
Stanly advised, “Use a cloud backup. This circumvents ransomware and also allows recovery from disc failure.”
Services like I-Drive and Google Drive offer secure cloud storage options, ensuring your files remain safe even if your local machine is compromised.
VPN
When using your computer on public or unsecured networks, such as in coffee shops or airports, it’s vital to secure your internet connection to prevent hackers from gaining access to your personal information.
A Virtual Private Network helps encrypt your internet connection, protecting your data from interception.
Stanly recommended using a VPN, especially when accessing sensitive sites like banking portals.
“If you plan to use a laptop for travel, then a VPN is also recommended so you can access your bank account (and other sensitive sites) securely,” he suggested.
ExpressVPN is one popular choice, providing a secure and encrypted connection for users on the go.
Monitor for suspicious activity
While preventative measures are essential, users should also be vigilant and monitor their devices for suspicious activity.
Signs of malware infection may include sudden system slowdowns, unexpected pop-ups, or the appearance of files you didn’t create. If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to act quickly and run a malware scan.
“Keep your antivirus software up to date as well. If you have Windows 10/11, you don’t need to install additional antivirus,” Jupta advised, noting that built-in security features like Windows Defender are often sufficient when maintained properly.